TARIHIN SARKIN ZAZZAU MUHAMMADU MAKAU – SARKIN ZARIA BAHAUSHE NA ƘARSHE (1804)
Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Makau shi ne Sarkin Zaria na 61, wanda ya yi mulki a shekara ta 1804.
Kirarinsa:
> Jatau mai masu, ɗan Tasallah, Tozalin barkono ba ka masayi.
Muhammadu Makau ɗan Sarkin Zazzau Sheikh Isyaku Jatau ne.
Sunan mahaifiyarsa Tasallah.
Launin fatarsa jan mutum ne, kuma ba dogo ba.
Bisa al’adar gidan sarauta, idan aka haifi yaro a fadar sarki, zai zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa har sai an yi masa kaciya. Daga nan Sarki zai ɗauke shi, ya danka shi hannun ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yan Sarki, ko wani ɗan’uwansa, ko kawunsa.
Wanda aka danƙa yaron gare shi, shi ne zai kai shi makarantar Alƙur’ani, ya ba wani muhimmin malami wanda zai koya masa karatun Alƙur’ani mai girma, kuma ya rika sa shi yana yi masa aikace-aikace na gida kamar ɗibar ruwa, tafiye-tafiye, itace, noma, da sauran ayyuka.
Bayan ya sauke Alƙur’ani da wasu litattafai na addini, sai ya koma gidan kawunsa ko ‘yan uwansa, a yi masa aure.
A nan zai koyi rikon doki, sannan ya rika raka maigidan nasa zuwa yaƙi. Daga baya kuma, idan ya nuna jarumta, a ba shi shugabanci.
Karatu da Rayuwar sa
Makau ya samu damar fadada karatun addininsa sosai, domin mahaifinsa Sultan Muhammadu Isyaka Jatau mutum ne da ya yi fice wajen girmama malamai a fadin ƙasar Hausa. Ya yi kyakkyawar mu’amala da sarakunan ƙasar Hausa da malamai.
Lokacin da Yarima Makau ya kai lokacin aure wasu sun ce na farko, wasu kuma sun ce na biyu amma mafi ƙarfi a tarihi shi ne cewa Sarkin Zazzau Sheikh Isyaka Jatau ya nema wa ɗansa Sultan Muhammadu Makau auren Gimbiyar Kano, ‘yar gidan Sarki Muhammadu Alwali II.
An amince da auren, aka ɗaura shi, wanda ya ƙarfafa zumunci tsakanin Zazzau da Kano.
Halaye da Sarauta
Muhammadu Makau mutum ne jarumi, mai tsoron Allah, kuma mai rikon addini.
Ya hau sarauta a shekara ta 1802 a lokacin saura shekara biyu Fulani su fara yaƙi da sarakunan ƙasar Hausa ƙarƙashin jagorancin Usman ɗan Fodiyo a shekarar 1804 .
A lokacinsa ne Sarkin Kano Alwali II (surikinsa) ya zo Zaria, lokacin da Fulani suka kai masa yaƙi a Kano.
Makau ya karɓe shi, ya zaunar da shi tsawon watanni 13.
Lokacin da Alwali ya nemi Makau ya ba shi bataliya domin ya koma Kano, Makau ya ki amincewa saboda a ganin sa rikici ne da malamai kuma bai so ya shiga rikici da malamai saɓo ne, dukda cewa shima Alwali babban malamin addinin Muslunci ne kuma Basarake.
Sai dai Sarkin Kano Alwali II ya yi masa gargadi, yana cewa:
> “Kamar yadda bamu fahimci sarki Yunfa ba lokacin da ya kira mu a Gobir, ya gaya mana shirin Fulani na amfani da rigar addini, haka ku ma har yanzu baku fahimci meke faruwa ba. Ba gyaran addini suke nema ba, mulki suke so. Kamar yadda suka ci amanar Yunfa, suzo kaina, haka zasu ci amanarka.”
Daga nan Alwali ya bar Zaria zuwa Burun Burun, da niyyar kafa Sabuwar Kano, irin yadda Makau daga baya ya kafa Abuja.
Yakin Fulani da Faduwar Zazzau
A cikin shekara ta 1804, Usman ɗan Fodiyo ya soma yaƙi da Sarkin Gobir, wanda shi ne farkon yaƙin da Fulani suka kaddamar a ƙasar Hausa.
Sun shekara shidda (6) suna yaƙi da sarakunan ƙasashen Hausa.
Daga baya Fulani suka kai wa Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Makau hari a Masallacin Idi dake bayan garin Zazzau a shekarar 1807.
Ko da yake Makau yana da jama’a masu yawa, bai sami nasara ba, domin Fulani sun mamaye shi ne a filin sallar Idi bai sami damar komawa gari ya shirya ba.
Sai ya bar garin ba tare da shiri ba, ya nufi kudancin masarautar inda yaje ya sake kafa AbuJA su hausawa da kafa gari aka sansu dama. Wannan ne dalilin da yasa mutanen Abuja suke yin sallar Idi a cikin gari, ba a wajen gari ba, saboda tsoron abin da ya faru da Makau.
Sai lokacin da Turawa suka iso ne aka fara yin sallar Idi a bakin ƙofar gari.
Wannan shi ne dalilin da yasa ake sa dogarawa da ‘yan baka su tsaya a gaban Sarki su fuskanci yamma a lokacin sallar Idi don tuna wa da wancan hari.
Hijirar Makau da Kafuwar Suleja ko Abuja
Ko da yake Muhammadu Makau ya bar garin ba da shiri ba, ya tafi da wasu kayan sarauta, har da wukar Zazzau, ya kai su ƙasar Abuja.
A nan ne ya kafa Masarautar Zazzau AbuJA wanda daga baya ta koma Suleja, wacce daga baya ta zama cibiyar al’ummar Zazzau da suka gudu daga mamayar Fulani.
Muhimmancin Tarihinsa
Sarkin Muhammadu Makau ya kasance Sarkin Zaria Bahaushe na ƙarshe, wanda ya nuna jajircewa da kare mutuncin Hausawa a fagen addini da siyasa.
Ya rasa mulki a hannun Fulani lokacin da suka yi masa juyin mulki a filin sallar Idi, amma ya bar tarihi mai daraja ta kafa Sabuwar Masarautar Zazzau Suleja ko Abuja.
Tarihin sa hujja ce da ke nuna cewa Hausawa suna da tsari, addini, da mulki kafin jihadin Fulani.
Duk wanda yake neman fahimtar ainihin tarihin Zazzau da Hausawa kafin jihadi, dole ne ya fahimci rawar da Sultan Muhammadu Makau ya taka a tarihin ƙasar Hausa.
Manazarta (References)
1. M. G. Smith (1960). Government in Zazzau, 1800–1950. Routledge, London.
2. Daily Trust Newspaper (2021). “Zazzau, Abuja, Suleja: Historical Fact and Fallacy (I)” – discusses the migration from Zaria to Abuja/Suleja.
3. Research Guru Journal (Vol. 11, Issue 1). “The Hausa (Habe) of Abuja before the Fulani Jihad.” — mentions Muhammadu Makau being attacked during Eid prayer in Zaria, 1804.
4. Encyclopædia Britannica. Entry: “Zaria – Historical Kingdom and Province, Nigeria.”
5. Journal of Language, Culture and Religion (Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2024). “The Impact of the Jihad on Hausa City-States.”
Tarihin Sarkin Muhammadu Makau ba wai kawai labari ne na faduwar sarauta ba, shaida ce ta tsayin daka, jarumta, da kishin ƙasa.
Daga rushewar Zazzau ya taso ya kafa Sabuwar Zazzau a Abuja (Suleja) — abin da ke nuna cewa tarihin Hausawa bai tsaya daga jihadin fulani ba, sai dai ya tsira cikin sabuwar rayuwa da mulki.
Wannan tarihin na nuna yadda Sarkin Zazzau Muhammadu Makau, Bahaushe na ƙarshe a kujerar Zazzau, ya fuskanci juyin mulki daga hannun Fulani a filin sallar Idi a shekara ta 1804.
Shi ne kuma wanda ya kafa Masarautar Zazzau (Suleja/Abuja), wadda ta zama wata sabuwar cibiya ta Hausawa bayan rushewar Zazzau ta asali.
> Lura:
Akwai wasu da basa son a kawo tarihin ƙasar Hausa kafin jihadi.
Idan aka kawo tarihin Musulunci kafin jihadi, suna mummunan suka.
Amma tarihi ba ya goge gaskiya — domin haka muke gabatar da wannan daga kundin tarihin masarautar Zazzau Abuja/Suleja.
#hausaactivist
